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A-V Fistula for Dialysis
An arteriovenous (A-V) fistula is a surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, commonly used in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This procedure is crucial for those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who require regular dialysis treatments to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood.
Purpose of A-V Fistula for Dialysis
Access for Hemodialysis:
- Provides a reliable and durable site for accessing blood during dialysis treatments.
- Allows high blood flow rates needed for effective filtration and clearance of toxins.
Improving Long-Term Outcomes:
- Reduces complications associated with other types of vascular access (e.g., catheters) such as infection and thrombosis (blood clot formation).
- Prolongs the longevity of dialysis access, minimizing the need for repeated procedures.
Procedure
Creation of A-V Fistula:
- Location: Typically in the non-dominant arm, often at the wrist or elbow.
- Surgical Technique: An artery and a nearby vein are surgically joined, allowing arterial blood to flow directly into the vein.
- Maturation: Over several weeks, the vein enlarges and strengthens, becoming suitable for needle insertion during dialysis.
Monitoring and Maturation:
- Post-Surgery: Regular monitoring to assess blood flow and ensure proper healing.
- Assessment: Doppler ultrasound may be used to evaluate blood flow and maturation of the fistula.
Benefits
- Longevity: A-V fistulas typically last longer than other types of vascular access, reducing the need for frequent interventions.
- Lower Risk of Complications: Compared to catheters, A-V fistulas have lower rates of infection and thrombosis.
- Improved Dialysis Effectiveness: Allows for higher blood flow rates, enhancing dialysis efficiency.

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