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EEG
EEG stands for Electroencephalography, which is a non-invasive diagnostic test used to monitor and record electrical activity in the brain. Here’s an overview of EEG, including its purpose, procedure, clinical applications, and significance in medical practice:
Procedure for EEG:
Electrodes Placement:
- Small metal discs (electrodes) are attached to the scalp using adhesive gel or paste. These electrodes detect and record electrical signals from the brain.
Recording Brain Activity:
- The electrodes are connected to an EEG machine, which amplifies and records the electrical signals as wave patterns (brain waves).
- The patient typically lies still with eyes closed or open, depending on the test's purpose, to record baseline brain activity and responses to stimuli.
Testing Protocols:
- Routine EEG: Records brain activity for about 20-40 minutes during wakefulness and possibly during sleep.
- Ambulatory EEG: Records brain activity over an extended period (24 hours or more) to capture intermittent abnormalities.
- Video EEG Monitoring: Combines EEG with video recording to correlate electrical activity with clinical events (e.g., seizures).
Interpretation of Results:
- EEG patterns are analyzed by neurologists or trained technicians. Normal and abnormal patterns are identified based on frequency, amplitude, and distribution of brain waves.
- Abnormal findings, such as spikes, sharp waves, or slowing of brain waves, may indicate epilepsy, brain injury, or other neurological disorders.
Benefits of EEG:
- Non-Invasive: Safe and painless procedure without exposure to radiation.
- Objective Data: Provides objective measurements of brain activity, supporting accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Dynamic Monitoring: Captures real-time changes in brain activity, facilitating immediate clinical decisions during video EEG monitoring.
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