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Mysthenia
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The hallmark of MG is muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Here’s a comprehensive overview of myasthenia gravis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options:
Causes of Myasthenia Gravis:
- Autoimmune Response: In MG, the immune system produces antibodies that block or destroy many of the muscle receptor sites for acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. This leads to a reduced ability of the muscle to contract.
- Thymus Gland: The thymus gland, part of the immune system, may give incorrect instructions to developing immune cells, ultimately causing the immune system to attack its own tissues and produce the antibodies that block acetylcholine. About 15% of people with MG have thymomas (tumors of the thymus gland).
- Genetic Factors: While MG itself is not directly inherited, genetic predisposition and family history of autoimmune diseases may play a role in the development of MG.
Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis:
Muscle Weakness:
- Weakness of the voluntary muscles, which worsens with activity and improves with rest.
Eye Muscles:
- Drooping of one or both eyelids (ptosis).
- Double vision (diplopia).
Facial and Throat Muscles:
- Altered speaking (dysarthria).
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
- Problems chewing.
- Limited facial expressions.
Neck and Limb Muscles:
- Weakness in the neck, arms, and legs, affecting mobility and posture.
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