Neurology
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Stroke
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to brain cell damage or death within minutes. Strokes are serious medical emergencies and require immediate treatment. There are two main types of stroke:
Ischemic Stroke:
- This type of stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain. About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes. Common causes include atherosclerosis (build-up of fatty deposits in arteries) or a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body (e.g., heart) and travels to the brain (embolic stroke).
Hemorrhagic Stroke:
- A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or leaks. This causes blood to spill into or around the brain, leading to swelling and pressure on brain tissue. Hemorrhagic strokes can result from conditions such as high blood pressure, aneurysms, or arteriovenous malformations (abnormal connections between arteries and veins).
Symptoms
Symptoms of stroke can vary but often include sudden onset of:
- Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body.
- Confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech.
- Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
- Difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination.
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