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Thrombolysis
Thrombolysis, also known as thrombolytic therapy, is a treatment used primarily for ischemic strokes and other conditions where blood clots block blood flow in arteries. Here’s how thrombolysis works and its key aspects:
Ischemic Stroke:
- Purpose: Thrombolysis aims to dissolve or break down blood clots (thrombi) that are obstructing blood flow in arteries. In the context of stroke, it helps restore blood flow to the affected part of the brain, minimizing damage and improving outcomes.
- Medication Used: The primary medication used for thrombolysis is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). tPA is a protein that helps dissolve blood clots by activating plasminogen, an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, a protein meshwork that stabilizes blood clots.
- Timing: Thrombolysis is most effective when administered as soon as possible after the onset of stroke symptoms, ideally within the first few hours (typically up to 4.5 hours) from the start of symptoms. This early intervention is critical because it can significantly reduce the extent of brain damage and improve outcomes for stroke patients.
- Criteria and Safety: Thrombolysis is not suitable for all types of strokes. It is specifically indicated for ischemic strokes caused by blood clots. It may not be used if there is a risk of bleeding, such as in hemorrhagic strokes or certain medical conditions. A careful assessment of the patient's medical history, symptoms, and diagnostic imaging (like CT scans) is necessary to determine eligibility and ensure safety.
- Administration: Thrombolysis is typically administered intravenously (IV), where tPA is infused directly into the bloodstream. In some cases, intra-arterial thrombolysis may be considered, where the medication is delivered directly into the affected artery.
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